Linux

• The Missing Semester of Your CS Education
• Putting the “You” in CPU
• Modern Operating Systems by Andrew Tanenbaum (4th Edition)
• Shell and Shell scripting
• What is POSIX? Why Does it Matter to Linux/UNIX Users?
• C programming
• Networking
• Operating System Boot Process
• Linux source code cross reference
• In-depth: ELF - The Extensible & Linkable Format
• “Reboot Even If System Utterly Broken”
• Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)
• Ubuntu Desktop vs Ubuntu Server
• User vs group
• Shell identification and change
  • Arrow keys, Home, End, tab-complete keys not working in shell
  • How do I check which shell I am using?

    • $0 is the name of the running process. If you use it inside of a shell then it will return the name of the shell. If you use it inside of a script, it will be the name of the script.

• Disks and partitions
  • What Is /dev/sda in Linux?
  • How Is /dev/vda Different From /dev/sda?
  • Understanding partition table with sda1, sda2, sda5
  • Difference between sdX and vdX
  • What is the difference between /dev/sda and /dev/hda?
  • Names for ATA and SATA disks in Linux
  • How to list disks, partitions and filesystems in Linux?
  • Mounting, partitioning and formatting
    • Mounting a device — role of /dev, /media and /mnt, and the mount command
    • Correct way to mount a hard drive
    • Mount Drives in Ubuntu Command Line
    • Deleting All Partitions From the Command Line
    • How to Format Disk Partitions in Linux
    • Quickest way to wipe an SSD clean of all its partitions for repartitioning in Linux?
• Desktop Environments
  • What is KDE, GTK, GTK+, QT, and/or GNOME?
    • Full form of KDE
    • Full form of Qt
    • GNOME: GNU Network Object Model Environment
  • KDE Vs GNOME Vs Xfce; Which is the Best Desktop Environment and Why?
  • GNOME vs Xfce vs KDE
  • Is there a breakdown of the differences between GNOME, KDE, and Xfce desktop environments?
  • What is gdm3, kdm, lightdm? How to install and remove them?
• Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
  • History
    • AMD: How It All Began
    • Intel & AMD: The First 30 Years
    • AMD: The Incredible Adventure Continues
    • How AMD Left GlobalFoundries for TSMC
  • Secrets of a $182 Billion Chip Maker: AMD’s Labs
  • AMD’s CPU Analysis Lab Full Interview (Lasers, Scopes, & Silicon)
  • AMD’s EPYC Rome Chips Crash After 1,044 Days of Uptime
  • AMD CCD and CCX in Ryzen Processors Explained
  • How AMD Zen Almost Didn’t Make It
• David Kaplan: When hardware must “just work”
• Systemctl
  • Systemctl vs Systemd
  • What is Systemctl? An In-Depth Overview
• PCIe
  • Peripheral Component Interconnect Express
  • Used to connect hardware devices like graphics cards, NICs, sound cards, capture cards, etc to the motherboard.
  • PCI Express (PCIe) 3.0
  • Explaining PCIe Slots
  • Understanding M.2, SATA, PCIe and NVMe SSDs
  • SATA vs SAS vs PCIe
• Motherboards Explained
• System on Chip (SoC)
  • What is a System on Chip (SoC)?
  • What is the difference between a motherboard and an SOC?
• MiB vs MB
• Commands to check basic information about a system
  • Moved to cli.harshkapadia.me/terminal#gathering-system-information
• CPU Speed, CPU Clock
  • What is Processor Speed and Why Does It Matter?
  • What Is Clock Speed?
  • Intructions vs cycles per second - what is actually measured in Hertz?
  • Difference between clock cycle, machine cycle and instruction cycle of the CPU
  • What is a clock cycle and clock speed?
  • Why do we need a CPU clock
  • Inside a CPU, what happens in a single clock cycle?
• Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA)
  • What is NUMA?
  • NUMA (Wikipedia)
• Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)
  • What is RAID Storage? Meaning, Types, and Working
  • Should I use Raid 6 or Raid Z2? What are the advantages/disadvantages of each?
  • RAIDZ Levels
  • ZFS 101—Understanding ZFS storage and performance
  • ZFS RAIDZ vs. traditional RAID
  • Linux RAID vs ZFS RAID
  • Configuring ZFS on Ubuntu 20.04
• Desktop Management Information (DMI)
  • What is DMI?
  • DMI vs SMBIOS
    • Does UEFI replace standards like SMBIOS and ACPI?
• Memory
  • Memory bandwidth
    • Memory Bandwidth (Wikipedia)
    • Computer Memory Speed and Latency
    • The Complete Guide to RAM Speeds
  • Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM)
    • What Is a Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM)? Meaning, Characteristics, and Types
    • Single Rank vs Dual Rank RAM: Differences & Performance Impact
  • Memory Interleaving
    • Interleaved memory
    • What is Memory Interleaving? & Advantages
  • Memory refresh
• Why aren’t SSDs as fast as RAM?
• Why we don’t use RAM drive as the Hard Drive Disk?
• OEM vs ODM vs OBM
• Computerraria: I Made a 32-bit Computer Inside Terraria
• Niceness
  • how greedy are your processes?
  • Difference between nice value and priority in the top output
• Context Switching in OS
• Scheduler vs Dispatcher
• Anil Harwani told us about the Tanenbaum-Torvalds debate on OTC CatchUp #145, which was an argument where Tanenbaum was trying to prove why a Microkernel architecture (Tanenbaum’s OS Minix had that architecture.) is better than a Monolithic Kernel architecture that Torvald’s Linux has.
  • Kernel architectures
    • Microkernel vs Monolithic Kernel
    • Difference between Microkernel and Monolithic Kernel
  • Minix
    • Tanenbaum initially created the Minix Operating System for educational purposes.
    • Anil also told us how Minix was found inside the Intel Management Engine, which was a big deal, as Minix, whose goal was never to have military-grade security, was being used on billions of machines at a privilege level that is higher than the kernel, and that made billions of machines vulnerable. Also, this implies that Minix is the most used OS on the planet.
      • Replace Your Exploit-Ridden Firmware with Linux
        • The first 12 minutes of this video is sufficient to understand how vulnerable systems are.
        • Protection Rings (-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3)
      • MINIX: Intel’s hidden in-chip operating system
      • What is MINIX? The most popular OS in the world, thanks to Intel
      • Tanenbaum also wrote An Open Letter to Intel.
• Cygwin vs MinGW vs MSys/Msys2 vs WSL
• Northbridge vs Southbridge
  • What are the north and south bridges of a motherboard?
  • Chipsets Explained – Northbridge and Southbridge
• Latency numbers every programmer should know
• Interrupts and Exceptions
  • Interrupts vs Exceptions (Faults, Traps and Aborts)
  • External Interrupts in the x86 system: Interrupt controller evolution (PIC, PIR, APIC, LAPIC, MSI, etc.)
• Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs)
  • Stuff about what x86, x86_64, ARM, etc.
  • MOVED TO isa
  • …
  • Security considerations of x86 vs x64
• Assembly
• X Server
  • What is the X server?
  • What are X server, display and screen?
  • X Window authorization
• Locality of Reference
  • Locality of reference
    • Mainly Temporal and Spatial Locality
  • Non-Temporal Data
• Processing hardware
  • CPU vs GPU vs TPU vs DPU vs QPU
  • CPU, GPU…..DPU?
  • CPU vs GPU (What’s the Difference?)
  • What’s the Difference Between an APU, CPU, and GPU?
  • FPGA vs CPU vs GPU vs Microcontroller: How Do They Fit into the Processing Jigsaw Puzzle?
  • What is an NPU? Here’s why everyone’s suddenly talking about them
  • AI 101: GPU vs. TPU vs. NPU (+ ASICs vs FPGAs)